Big Idea 1: The chemical elements are fundamental building materials of matter, and all matter can be understood in terms of arrangements of atoms. These atoms retain their identity in chemical reactions.
Enduring undstanding 1A: All matter is made of atoms. There are a limited number of types of atoms; these are elements.
Enduring Understanding 1B: The atoms of each element have unique structures arising from interactions between electrons and nuclei.
Enduring Understanding 1C: Elements display periodicity in their properties when the elements are organized according to increasing atomic number. This periodicity can be explained by the regular variations that occur in the electronic structures of atoms. Periodicity is a useful principle for understanding properties and predicting trends in properties.
Enduring Understanding 1D: Atoms are so small that they are difficult to study directly; atomic models are constructed to explain experimental data on collections of atoms.
Enduring understanding 1E: Atoms are conserved in physical chemical processes.
Big Idea 2: Chemical and physical properties of materials can be explained by the structure and the arrangements of atoms, ions, or molecules and the forces between them.
Enduring understanding 2A: Matter can be described by its physical properties. The physical properties of a substance generally depend on the spacing between the particles (atoms, molecules and ions) that make up the substance and the forces of attraction among them.
Enduring understanding 2B: Forces of attraction between particles (including nobel gases and also different parts of some large molecules) are important in determining many macroscopic properties of a substance, including how the observable physical state changes with temperature.
Enduring understanding 2C: The strong electrostatic forces of attraction holding atoms together in a unit are called chemical bonds.
Enduring understanding 2D: The type of bonding in the solid state can be determined from the physical properties of the substance.
Hortonville High School Power Standards (little easier to read)
Objectives:
General introduction to Chemistry
- Chemistry involves chemicals, students will be able to create unique names and structures for organic substances.
- Students will be able to create structural, formulas, and names for simple organic structures.
- Simple organic structures: Small chains, single, double, triple, alcohols, and carboxylic acids.
- Chemistry involves chemicals that undergo chemical reactions; students will be able to predict the products and balance a combustion of an organic compounds.
- Students should know the difference between incomplete and complete combustion.
- Students will be able to differentiate between physical and chemical processes.
- Students should know that physical processes are involving phase changes and physical manipulations.
- Students should know the indicators of a chemical change.
Atomic structure
- Sub atomic structure (topic)
- Students will be able to model the properties of all subatomic particles.
- How does an atom acquires mass.
- Students will be model how and why different atoms of the same element have different masses.
- How does an atom acquires a charge.
- Student will be able to model Understand how an atom acquires a charge.
- Understand why an atom acquires a charge.
- Be able to determine an atom's most common charge and why. (octet rule)
- What is the electronic structure of an atom?
- Student will be able to write electron configurations.
- Student will be able to write orbital diagrams.
- How do the properties of electrons and the electron shells contribute to the periodic trends.
- Students will be able to determine how electron shells affect the atomic radius.
- Students will be able to determine how effective nuclear charge affects atomic radius.
- Students will be able to determine how gaining or loosing electrons affects the atomic radius.
- Students will be able to apply coulombs law to justify the atomic radius.
- Students will be able to determine how effective nuclear charge affects ionization energy.
- Students will be able to determine how gaining or loosing electrons affects the ionization energy.
- What makes one atom more reactive than another?
- Student will be able to apply the concepts of electron shells and effective nuclear charge to determine the reactivity of an atom
- How is the periodic table structured?
- Student should be able to label the various parts of the periodic table. (atomic number, metals, non-metals, metalloids)
Bonding
- What are the different ways atoms bond?
- Student should be able to indicate how an atom is bonding.(ionic or covalent)
- How do Ionic bonds form?
- Student will be able to used the ideas of Oxidation reduction to justify how an ionic bond is formed.
- Student will be able to determine if a substance is using ionic bonding.
- Students will be able to write ionic formulas and names for specific ionic compounds.
- Students should be able to draw a representation of an ionic crystal and relate that drawing to the chemical formula of that substance.
- What are the properties of ionic compounds?
- A student should be able to determine how ionic charge and ionic radii affects the Melting point of an ionic compound. (Coulombs law)
- Student should be able to indicate, why or why not, an ionic compound dissolves in a solvent.
- Student will be able to write out reactions showing how individual ionic compounds dissociate when dissolving.
- How do covalent bonds form?
- Students will be able to indicate if a chemical formula is of a covalent nature.
- Students will be able to provide the name and formula of a covalent substance.
- Students will be able to draw out Lewis Dot structures.
- Students will be able to use a Lewis dot diagram to justify the sharing of electrons.
- Students will be able to discriminate between bond qualities of various covalent compounds(bond energy, Length, order)
- Students will be able to provide Resonance structures.
- What are the properties of a covalent bond?
- Student will be able to indicate the difference between Intermolecular forces and intermolecular forces.
- Students will be able to indicate provide and describe the intermolecular forces of Hydrogen bonding and London Forces.
- Student should be able to use the concepts of electronegativity and molecular structure to determine if a covalent molecule has a dipole moment.
- Student should be able to use a molecules dipole moment to determine a compounds solubility.
- How do the different types of solids differ?
- Student will be able to list and describe the different types of solids.
- Students will be able to describe the differences between the melting of a Covalent molecules and ionic crystals.
- What is the difference between formulas and the percent mass of a substance.
- Student should be able to determine the percent mass of a compound.
- Student will be able to determine the percent composition ionic and covalent substances.
- How does a molecules become polar and what are the consequences.
- Student will be able to determine the molecular geometry of a molecule.
- Student will be able to determine if a bond is going to be polar based on electronegativity.
- Students will be able to determine if a molecule will have a dipole moment.
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